This page gives an overview about the required components and lists advantages and disadvantages for each of them. 

Also included must be:

...

Frame

Microcontroller

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B:

• a lot of existing projects and help
• only 40 GPIO Pins
• extension-board available (http://www.gertbot.com/) for real-time tasks and controlling of actors and sensors (easy to use with existing libraries)
  • Price: Farnell £40.00
• • size: width:130mm, height:15mm, depth:80mm
  • weight: 0.25 kg

weight: 59g

size: heigth: 85 mm, width: 56 mm, depth: 17 mm

power consumption: http://raspi.tv/2015/raspberry-pi2-power-and-performance-measurement

Hardware:

• Prozessor: ARM710 with 900MHz
• RAM: 1024 MB

price:

Reichelt: 37,95 €

BeagleBone Black

In contrast to Raspberry Pi :

• better I/O capabilities with 7 channel 200kHz 12-bit ADC, 8 PWMs, 4 UARTs, quadrature encoder hardware
• don't have to buy additional components to connect up many more sensors and actuators
• large number of PWM channels on the Bones make them better for motors
• better real-time control with two 200MHz, 32-bit RISC programmable real-time units (PRUs)
• approximately 20 books available for texts, reference and projects

weight: 39.68 grams

size: heigth: 86 mm, width: 53 mm

power consumption: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1819364.pdf?COM=DesignCenter in section 6.1.7

Hardware:

• Processor: AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8

• 512MB DDR3 RAM

• 4GB 8-bit eMMC on-board flash storage

• 3D graphics accelerator

• NEON floating-point accelerator

• 2x PRU 32-bit microcontrollers

Price:

Farnell element14: €46.16 (Price is before tax)

RS Components: £39.99

Battery

Motors

Gyro & Acceleration Sensors

Proximity Sensors

Minimum sensor recognition distance:

Image Removed

> Sensor’s minimum-distance does not have to be much smaller than 20cm (8“).

Infrared:

• Binary Output:               detects whether an object is within a threshold distance
• Multiple Bit Output:        detects the more or less accurate distance to an object
                     

Pro:

-       Quality products comparatively cheap

-       In some cases very high resolution (up to 1 mm)

Contra:

-       Problems with sun light

-       Problems with recognition of dark or black objects

-       Small range sizes

Recommendation after some research: 

Sharp GP2Y 0A02 (ca. $11, 20cm – 150cm Range, Analogue Output)

http://acroname.com/products/SHARP-GP2Y0A02YK0F-IR-PACKAGE

(see also: http://acroname.com/articles/sharp-infrared-ranger-comparison for comparison)

Ultrasonic

Pro:

-       Not depending on optical properties of an object -> more reliable in common usage

-       Larger range sizes

Contra:

-       Usually higher prize

-       Lower resolution (2-3 cm)

-       Problems detecting acoustic quieting objects

Recommendation after some research:

Parallax PING Ultrasonic Sensor (ca. $29, 2cm – 300cm Range)

https://www.parallax.com/product/28015

(maybe cheap replacement: http://www.dx.com/p/hc-sr04-ultrasonic-sensor-distance-measuring-module-133696?Utm_rid=37202148&Utm_source=affiliate#.VTsyqa3tmko)

Radio Telemetry Kit

FPV 433Mhz Radio Telemetry Kit 100mW V1.1:

http://www.hobbyking.com/hobbyking/store/__42847__FPV_433Mhz_Radio_Telemetry_Kit_100mW_V1_1.html

Positioning System