This page gives an overview about the required components and lists advantages and disadvantages for each of them. 

Also included must be:

...

Frame

DJI FlameWheel F450

• Cost: 169€
• Size: 450mm Diagonal
• Weight frame alone: 282g
• Takeoff Weight: 800g-1200g (1600g? Depending on sources)
• Will need cable ties
• Power distribution board already built in
• Propellers included

Microcontroller

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B:

• a lot of existing projects and help
• only 40 GPIO Pins
• extension-board available (http://www.gertbot.com/) for real-time tasks and controlling of actors and sensors (easy to use with existing libraries)
  • Price: Farnell £40.00
• • size: width:130mm, height:15mm, depth:80mm
  • weight: 0.25 kg

weight: 59g

size: heigth: 85 mm, width: 56 mm, depth: 17 mm

power consumption: http://raspi.tv/2015/raspberry-pi2-power-and-performance-measurement

Hardware:

• Prozessor: ARM710 with 900MHz
• RAM: 1024 MB

price:

Reichelt: 37,95 €

BeagleBone Black

In contrast to Raspberry Pi :

• better I/O capabilities with 7 channel 200kHz 12-bit ADC, 8 PWMs, 4 UARTs, quadrature encoder hardware
• don't have to buy additional components to connect up many more sensors and actuators
• large number of PWM channels on the Bones make them better for motors
• better real-time control with two 200MHz, 32-bit RISC programmable real-time units (PRUs)
• approximately 20 books available for texts, reference and projects

weight: 39.68 grams

size: heigth: 86 mm, width: 53 mm

power consumption: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1819364.pdf?COM=DesignCenter in section 6.1.7

Hardware:

• Processor: AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8

• 512MB DDR3 RAM

• 4GB 8-bit eMMC on-board flash storage

• 3D graphics accelerator

• NEON floating-point accelerator

• 2x PRU 32-bit microcontrollers

Price:

Farnell element14: €46.16 (Price is before tax)

RS Components: £39.99

Battery

...

LiPo-Warners

Cost: 5-10€

Connection to the microcontroller will have to be done by ourselves. So I don't know how many pins we might need. Will have to talk to someone who might know more, internet doesn't really give much insight. Maybe I'll make a post about it somewhere?

Motors

DJI Motor 2212/920 rpm/V

• Voltage: 11,1 bis 14,4V
• Standard Current: 15-25A
• Max Current: 30A
• Required Batteries: 3S-4S LiPos
• Weight: 56g each (including Propeller Adapter)

Calculation Site: http://www.ecalc.ch/xcoptercalc.php?ecalc&lang=de

In case this helps anyone...I don't think my calculations were correct so it didn't help me much

Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

DJI Brushless Regler 30A OPTO (?)

• Voltage: 6-16.8V
• Connects to a receiver -> Might need to reverse engineer that thing or the cable, don't know much about that
• Orange Cable carries signal: freq. 30hz-450hz (most people i've seen used 400hz)
• Brown Cable is ground, red one useless apparently

http://wiki.dji.com/en/index.php/ESC

http://www.sarkanyellato.hu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/RC-Timer-10.18.30.40A-ESC-Instruction.pdf

Replacement parts for Controller/Arms: https://copterdeluxe.com/Multi-Rotor-Copter-Ersatzteile-DJI-Hobby-F450 (Currently not available?)

Gyro & Acceleration Sensors

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Proximity Sensors

4-Pin Ultrasonic-Module HC-SR04

Links: Amazon, datasheet, short instructions

Cost: 10 x approx. 2€ ≈ 20€

Power Supply: +5VDV, 10 x 15mA working current

Pins: 2 GPIO, VCC, GND

• VCC = +5VDC (GPIO)
• Trig = Trigger input of Sensor (GPIO)
• Echo = Echo output of Sensor (GPIO) 
  Important: Outputs 5V. If the microcontroller can only handle 3.3V inputs, we need to build an easy voltage divider.
• GND = GND (GPIO)

Radio Telemetry Kit

Aukru HC-06 Wireless 4 Pins Bluetooth RF Transceiver Serial Module

Links: Amazon, instructions, instructions, instructions

Cost: 9€

Power Supply: 3.3V - 6V, approx. 50mA

Pins: 2 GPIO, VCC, GND

• VCC = +3.3VDC / +5VDC (GPIO)
• TXD = Trigger input of Sensor (RXD Digital 0)
• RXD = Echo output of Sensor (TXD Digital 1) 
• GND = GND (GPIO)
  

Positioning System